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语言类型学与普遍语法特征【2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载】

（英）William Croft 沈家煊导读著
出版社：北京：外语教学与研究出版社
ISBN：7560019439
出版时间：2000
标注页数：319页
文件大小：13MB
文件页数：347页
主题词：类型学(语言学) 语法学类型学(语言学) 语法学

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图书目录

1 Introduction1

1．1 Definitions and scope of typology1

1．2 Cross-linguistic comparison4

Preface by Halliday9

王宗炎序10

1．3 The problem of cross-linguistic comparability11

导读13

1．4 Non-typological factors and the sampling problem18

1．5 Data sources25

Preface and Acknowledgments26

2 Typological classification27

2．1 Introduction27

2．2 The concept of a linguistic type（strategy）27

Abbreviations28

2．3 Morphological typology39

3 Implicational universals44

3．1 Restrictions on possible language types44

3．2 Unrestricted and implicational universals46

3．3 Deeper explanations for word-order universals53

4 Markedness in typology64

4．1 Introduction64

4．2 Markedness and implicational universals67

4．3 Criteria for markedness70

4．3．1 Structure72

4．3．2 Behavior77

4．3．2．1 Inflectional behavior77

4．3．2．2 Distributional behavior81

4．3．3 Frequency84

4．3．4 Neutral value89

4．4 Conclusion91

5 Grammatical hierarchies95

5．1 Introduction95

5．2 Hierarchies，implicational universals and markedness96

5．3．1 Number98

5．3 The principalgrammatical luerarchies98

5．3．2 The grammatical relations hierarchy and NP accessibility101

5．3．3 Animacy，definiteness and hierarchy of features111

5．3．4 Bondedness（the modifier hierarchy）117

5．4 Phonological hierurchies120

5．5 Conclusion122

6 Prototypes and the interaction of typological patterns124

6．1 Introduction124

6．2 Clusters and typological evidence for prototypes124

6．2．1 Animacy and definiteness127

6．2．2 Transitivity130

6．3．1 Some phonological examples134

6．3 Markedness reversals and complementary prototypes134

6．3．2 Case．animacy and verb type136

6．3．3 Nouns．verbs and adjectives139

6．3．4 Other markedness reversals143

6．4 More complex interactions147

6．4．1 Place of articulation147

6．4．2 Person149

6．5 Typology and syntactic analysis150

7 External motivation and the typology of form-function relations155

7．1 Introduction155

7．2．1 Frequency156

7．2 Markedness and economic motivation156

7．2．2 Other external explanations for markedness patterns160

7．3 Iconicity164

7．3．1 “Isomorphism”and polysemy165

7．3．2 Iconic motivation171

7．3．2．1 Conceptual distance and constituent structure174

7．3．2．2 Syntactic categories．objects and events183

7．3．2．3 Other universals of linguistic structure189

7．4 Competing motivations192

7．5 Typological conspiracies and communicative motivation197

7．6 Conclusion202

8．2 The dynamicization of synchronic typology203

8．1 Introduction203

8 Diachronic typology203

8．3 From states to processes218

8．4 Directionality of change227

8．5 Grammuticalization230

8．5．1 Correlated grammuticalization processes230

8．5．1．1 Phonological231

8．5．1．2 Morphosyntactic233

8．5．1．3 Functional236

8．5．2 Some issues in grummaticalization240

8．6 Conclusion244

9．1 Introduction246

9 Linguistic explanation in the dynamic paradigm246

9．2 Description．explanation and generalization247

9．3 Internal generalizations：language-internal and cross-linguistic249

9．4 External generalizations：language and biology252

9．5 Diachronic explanations and synchronic grammar256

Notes260

Peferences278

Map of languages cited293

Auth or index301

Language index304

Subjectindex307

Croft：Typology and Universals：Errata312

文库索引315